Until the beginning of the 1990s, the development of moving image archival skills and knowledge sets was described, for the most part, as a matter of "training" rather than "education," be it post-secondary or continuing. Similarly, the individuals who needed to learn these skills were usually considered to be the "staff" or "personnel" of archives, rather than, simply and more expansively, "students." The location of training was assumed optimally to be "in-site" at "archives" or "archival centers," and only rarely were "universities" directly suggested. And the structure and scope of the knowledge to be taught was most often described in terms of a "technical" or "scientific" practicum that focuses on a range of specialized skills, rather than as an "academic" model with curricular and degree offerings that combines hands-on training with broader, interdisciplinary requirements.