Pesaro (ancient Pisaurum), city, central Italy, capital of Pesaro e Urbino Province, in Marche Region, on the Adriatic Sea. The city is a popular resort, a fishing port, and a commercial center with trade in agricultural products. Manufactures include ceramics, machinery, and textiles. The civic museum, containing an excellent collection of majolica, and the Oliveriana Library are noteworthy. Pesaro has a school of music that was endowed by the Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini, a native of the city. A Roman colony dating from the 2nd century BC, Pesaro was later occupied by the Goths, Byzantines, and Franks.